{"id":384,"date":"2024-01-04T22:53:54","date_gmt":"2024-01-04T22:53:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/?page_id=384"},"modified":"2024-05-28T20:45:28","modified_gmt":"2024-05-28T20:45:28","slug":"operation_boycott","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/operation_boycott\/","title":{"rendered":"Operaci\u00f3n Boicot"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; disabled_on=&#8221;on|off|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_direction=&#8221;360deg&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops=&#8221;#000000 0%|rgba(10,10,10,0) 65%&#8221; background_color_gradient_overlays_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_image=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/96.01.EC_.N35.B1.01.05.14-1.jpg&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_center&#8221; background_vertical_offset=&#8221;66%&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; min_height=&#8221;39vh&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-2px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;98px|0px|98px|0px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;85px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;76px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||-16px|||&#8221; header_font_tablet=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_phone=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Operation Boycott<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; disabled_on=&#8221;off|on|on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_direction=&#8221;360deg&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops=&#8221;#000000 0%|rgba(10,10,10,0) 65%&#8221; background_color_gradient_overlays_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_image=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/96.01.EC_.N35.B1.01.05.14-1.jpg&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_center&#8221; background_vertical_offset=&#8221;66%&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; min_height=&#8221;39vh&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-2px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;98px|0px|98px|0px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;85px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;40px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||-16px|||&#8221; header_font_tablet=&#8221;Roboto Slab|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_phone=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Operation Boycott<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;12px||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/cdm17169.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/collection\/FMC\/id\/18&#8243; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>A pick-up truck with a sign that reads, &#8220;Caution. Scab Load Ahead&#8221; parked behind a truck. Los Angeles, October 1966. Photo by Emmon Clarke.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The downtown Los Angeles market at 7 and Central Avenue was an important terminal where produce was unloaded and then distributed to retail stores, primarily big chains. That afternoon Gene Boutilier, the person in charge of the boycott office in Delano, told Doug Rippey and Emmon Clarke to follow a truck loaded with strikebreaker-picked grapes that was on his way to the market in Los Angeles.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_image=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/96.01.EC_.N35.B1.01.05.02.jpg&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_center&#8221; background_vertical_offset=&#8221;39%&#8221; min_height=&#8221;75vh&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/cdm17169.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/collection\/FMC\/id\/92&#8243; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; min_height=&#8221;336.8px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;auto||auto||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/cdm17169.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/collection\/FMC\/id\/92&#8243; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>Doug Rippey (center) and Eli Risco (right with glasses) are among the picketers talking during a nighttime picket in front of the central market in Los Angeles, October 1966. Photo by Emmon Clarke.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span data-contrast=\"none\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW153446607 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW153446607 BCX0\">&#8220;Stick to this truck like it were a mad dog\u2014 Boutilier told Rippey\u2014Don&#8217;t give him a chance. Make it known that he is carrying scab grapes.&#8221; Rippey, Clarke, Bill O&#8217;Connell, and Mar\u00eda Fern\u00e1ndez hopped on Doug Rippey&#8217;s pick-up and tried to catch up with the truck, which was ahead of them on Highway 99. They put a sign on the back of their pick-up with black letters saying: &#8220;Caution. Scab load ahead.&#8221;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_image=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/96.01.EC_.N35.B1.01.05.07-e1706135545740.jpg&#8221; background_position=&#8221;bottom_center&#8221; background_vertical_offset=&#8221;54%&#8221; min_height=&#8221;70vh&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/cdm17169.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/collection\/FMC\/id\/81&#8243; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;auto||auto||true|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span data-contrast=\"none\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW238597202 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW238597202 BCX0\">Meanwhile, in Los Angeles, Eli Risco, Susan Villalobos, Mike Wittenberg, and Carrol Weiner were amongst the 25 people already picketing and waiting for the truck to arrive. The truck was able to arrive at the market unnoticed, passing through an alternate entrance that the strikers didn&#8217;t know about, but the driver was unable to unload because the workers who were supposed to help him sympathized with the strikers and refused to assist him. An article in <\/span><\/span><em><span data-contrast=\"none\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW238597202 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW238597202 BCX0\">El <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW238597202 BCX0\">Malcriado<\/span><\/span><\/em><span data-contrast=\"none\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" lang=\"EN-US\" class=\"TextRun SCXW238597202 BCX0\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW238597202 BCX0\"> (November 4, 1966, No. 48) tells the complete story<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/cdm17169.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/collection\/FMC\/id\/81&#8243; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>Carrol Weiner and Susie Villalobos during a nighttime picket walk in front of a truck that had just arrived at a market in Los Angeles, October 1966. Photo by Emmon Clarke.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#D22030&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">El Malcriado Issue 48, November 4, 1966<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/El-Malcriado-1966-48-November-4-1.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;El Malcriado Issue 48, November 4, 1966&#8243; title_text=&#8221;El-Malcriado-1966-48-November-4 1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#D8D2C4&#8243; min_height=&#8221;530px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-1px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221; global_module=&#8221;70&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/footer_logos.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;footer_logos&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/bradley-center&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/NEH-Preferred-Seal.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;NEH-Preferred-Seal-logo&#8221; title_text=&#8221;NEH-Preferred-Seal&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fn org\" style=\"color: #000000;\">Tom &amp; Ethel Bradley Center<br \/>California State University, Northridge<\/span><br \/><span class=\"street-address\" style=\"color: #000000;\">18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330<\/span><br \/><span class=\"tel\">Phone:\u00a0<a class=\"value\" href=\"tel:+18186771200\">(818) 677-1200<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\/\u00a0<span class=\"contact-us\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/contact\">Contact Us<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/emergency\/\">Emergency Information<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/afvp\/university-policies-procedures\/\">University Policies &amp; Procedures<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/eqd\/title-ix-gender-equity-and-sexual-misconduct\">Title<span>\u00a0<\/span><abbr title=\"nine\">IX<\/abbr><\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/900-12.pdf\">Terms and Conditions for Use<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/it\/privacy\">Privacy Policy<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/it\/document-viewers\">Document Reader<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Operation BoycottOperation BoycottA pick-up truck with a sign that reads, &#8220;Caution. Scab Load Ahead&#8221; parked behind a truck. Los Angeles, October 1966. Photo by Emmon Clarke.The downtown Los Angeles market at 7 and Central Avenue was an important terminal where produce was unloaded and then distributed to retail stores, primarily big chains. That afternoon Gene [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_image=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/event_subcommittee_banner_img.jpeg\" background_position=\"top_center\" background_vertical_offset=\"18%\" height=\"50vh\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=\"U.S. Senate Subcommittee\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_3,2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"12px||0px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"Montserrat|500||on|||||\" text_font_size=\"22px\" text_line_height=\"1.6em\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Migratory Labor Hearings, 1966<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font_size=\"20px\" text_line_height=\"1.6em\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On March 16, 1966, three U.S. Senators, Harrison Williams Jr. (D-NJ), Chair of the Subcommittee on Migratory Labor, Robert F. Kennedy (D-NY), and George Murphy (R-CA), descended on California\u2019s agricultural heartland with one goal in mind: to investigate the condition of migratory labor and to consider possible federal legislation to protect the rights and improve the labor conditions of farmworkers, much to the chagrin of the growers who swore that farmworkers wanted nothing to do with a union.<\/span><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_text=\"Espa\u00f1ol\" button_alignment=\"right\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_image=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/event_subcommittee_chavezkennedy_img.jpeg\" background_position=\"top_center\" background_vertical_offset=\"39%\" min_height=\"75vh\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" min_height=\"336.8px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_3,2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"auto||auto||true|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font_size=\"20px\" text_line_height=\"1.6em\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Upon hearing the news of the imminent grape strike, Senator Williams Jr. took the committee on the road to California to obtain first-hand testimony from the fields. From March 14-16, 1966, the Subcommittee heard testimony in Sacramento, in Visalia, and finally in Delano, where they met in Delano High School\u2019s auditorium before 1,000 people.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The hearing was contentious\u2014at one point, Senator Kennedy denounced Kern County Sheriff Leroy Galyen\u2019s unconstitutional arrest of 20 picketers and exhorting him and the District Attorney to read the Constitution. Their arrival proved fortuitous for it provided C\u00e9sar Ch\u00e1vez and the National Farmworkers Association (NFWA) a platform from which to denounce and address the plight of the farmworkers. It also provided the Farmworkers Movement national exposure, something it so sorely needed as it took on the powerful growers of California in the grape strike. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Of equal importance, the presence of Senator Kennedy, especially in Delano, where he spoke of the importance of collective bargaining and compared the growers to Southern segregationists; in Delano he also met Ch\u00e1vez, and their chemistry was instant; his steadfast support proved important to the Union\u2019s early success.<\/span><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_image=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/event_committee_protest_img.png\" background_position=\"bottom_center\" min_height=\"70vh\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"auto||auto||true|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font_size=\"20px\" text_line_height=\"1.6em\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Upon the completion of the Subcommittee\u2019s hearings, Ch\u00e1vez declared the beginning of the march and pilgrimage to Sacramento on March 17, 1966, where after a short police-related delay, over 200 people, including children, marched 300 miles to clamor for better wages and for improved working conditions, stopping for rallies at 25 communities before arriving in Sacramento on Easter Sunday and celebrating mass. By April 1966, DiGiorgio Corporation and Schenley Corporation, the two largest growers in the region, had agreed to hold elections and negotiate with the farmworkers.<\/span><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"#D8D2C4\" global_module=\"70\" saved_tabs=\"all\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_image src=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/footer_logos.png\" title_text=\"footer_logos\" url=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/bradley-center\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/NEH-Preferred-Seal.png\" alt=\"NEH-Preferred-Seal-logo\" title_text=\"NEH-Preferred-Seal\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><span class=\"fn org\" style=\"color: #000000;\">Tom & Ethel Bradley Center<br \/>\u00a9 California State University, Northridge<\/span><br \/><span class=\"street-address\" style=\"color: #000000;\">18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330<\/span><br \/><span class=\"tel\">Phone:\u00a0<a class=\"value\" href=\"tel:+18186771200\">(818) 677-1200<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\/\u00a0<span class=\"contact-us\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/contact\">Contact Us<\/a><\/span><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/emergency\/\">Emergency Information<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/afvp\/university-policies-procedures\/\">University Policies & Procedures<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/eqd\/title-ix-gender-equity-and-sexual-misconduct\">Title\u00a0<abbr title=\"nine\">IX<\/abbr><\/a><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/900-12.pdf\">Terms and Conditions for Use<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/it\/privacy\">Privacy Policy<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/it\/document-viewers\">Document Reader<\/a><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-384","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/384","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=384"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6000,"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/384\/revisions\/6000"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}