{"id":4601,"date":"2024-04-12T22:01:24","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T22:01:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/?page_id=4601"},"modified":"2024-09-09T01:04:52","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T01:04:52","slug":"juan-de-la-cruz-funeral","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/juan-de-la-cruz-funeral\/","title":{"rendered":"Timeline: [01] Juan de la Cruz&#8217;s Funeral (August, 1973)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; disabled_on=&#8221;on|off|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_direction=&#8221;360deg&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops=&#8221;#000000 0%|rgba(10,10,10,0) 65%&#8221; background_color_gradient_overlays_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_image=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/17.41.JK_.N35.B15.01.04.25.png&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_center&#8221; background_vertical_offset=&#8221;31%&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; min_height=&#8221;39vh&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-2px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;98px|0px|98px|0px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;150px||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;76px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||-16px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;26px||0px||false|false&#8221; header_font_tablet=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_phone=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_margin__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_margin__hover=&#8221;||-16px||false|false&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Juan de la Cruz\u2019s Funeral<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; disabled_on=&#8221;off|on|on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_direction=&#8221;360deg&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops=&#8221;#000000 0%|rgba(10,10,10,0) 65%&#8221; background_color_gradient_overlays_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_image=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/17.41.JK_.N35.B15.01.04.25.png&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_center&#8221; background_vertical_offset=&#8221;35%&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; min_height=&#8221;39vh&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-2px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;98px|0px|98px|0px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;85px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;40px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;75px||||false|false&#8221; header_font_tablet=&#8221;Roboto Slab|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_phone=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Juan de la Cruz\u2019s Funeral<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_4,3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;12px||0px|0px||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/cdm17169.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/collection\/FMC\/id\/3470&#8243; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>A large crowd escorts Juan de la Cruz\u2019s casket to Arvin Cemetery after a mass held in Di Giorgio Park. A police officer stands on the road. Photo by John Kouns.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;3_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On August 15, 1973, United Farm Workers (UFW) picket captain Nagi Daifullah was killed by a Kern County Sheriff&#8217;s Department Deputy for his participation in the 1973 California grape strike. Nagi Daifullah tried to run away from Deputy Gilbert Cooper, but he was chased down and attacked with a long five-cell metal flashlight. The blow to his head severed his spinal cord from his skull. Two deputies then dragged Daifullah sixty feet to a gutter and arrested workers who tried to help him. He died at the age of 24 years old. C\u00e9sar Ch\u00e1vez called for a fast and funeral march, but two days later, on August 17, 1973, nonviolent striker Juan de la Cruz was killed on the UFW picket line by a strikebreaker firing from a truck. The strikebreakers, Ernest Baclig and Bayani Advincula, were Filipino farm workers from Dalton Anderson Ranch. The strikebreakers and strikers exchanged insults, leading to the strikers throwing rocks at the strikebreakers&#8217; truck. Bayani Advincula then grabbed a .22 caliber rifle and fired into the crowd. Juan de la Cruz saved his wife Maximina&#8217;s life by pushing her down to the ground, but he was struck below the heart by one of five bullets fired. He died at the age of 60 years old. Daifullah&#8217;s funeral had ten thousand people and de la Cruz&#8217;s had six thousand people. After the funerals, C\u00e9sar Ch\u00e1vez told the strikers that the Executive Board unanimously voted to suspend the strike and that the strikers&#8217; contracts would be won back through the ballot and boycott. The strikers wanted to continue to fight on the picket line.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_slider _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_slide image=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/17.41.JK_.N35.B7.01.12.15.png&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;46px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#D22030&#8243; background_enable_color=&#8221;on&#8221; background_enable_image=&#8221;off&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/cdm17169.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/collection\/FMC\/id\/5749&#8243; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_transition=&#8221;on&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h6>Dolores Huerta and Joan Baez attending the funeral of Juan de la Cruz, Di Giorgio Park, Arvin, CA, 1973<\/h6>\n<p>Dolores Huerta (center left) and Joan Baez (center right) at the funeral of Juan de la Cruz at Di Giorgio Park in Arvin, California on August 21, 1973. A mass was held at Di Giorgio Park before the procession marched six miles to Arvin Cemetery. Musicians Joan Baez and Taj Mahal led the community in singing songs at the mass. Photo by John Kouns.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide image=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/17.41.JK_.N35.B9.01.01.21A.png&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;46px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#D22030&#8243; background_enable_color=&#8221;on&#8221; background_enable_image=&#8221;off&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/cdm17169.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/collection\/FMC\/id\/5708&#8243; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_transition=&#8221;on&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h6>C\u00e9sar Ch\u00e1vez at the funeral of Juan de la Cruz, Arvin, CA, 1973<\/h6>\n<p>C\u00e9sar Ch\u00e1vez (center right) at the funeral of Juan de la Cruz, Arvin, August 21, 1973. Photo by John Kouns.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide image=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/17.41.JK_.N35.B9.01.01.28A.png&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;46px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#D22030&#8243; background_enable_color=&#8221;on&#8221; background_enable_image=&#8221;off&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/cdm17169.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/collection\/FMC\/id\/5648&#8243; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_transition=&#8221;on&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h6>The funeral of Juan de la Cruz, Arvin Cemetery, Arvin, CA, 1973<\/h6>\n<p>The funeral of Juan de la Cruz at Arvin Cemetery. Arvin, August 21, 1973. Photo by John Kouns.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide image=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/17.41.JK_.N35.B7.01.12.04.png&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;46px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#D22030&#8243; background_enable_color=&#8221;on&#8221; background_enable_image=&#8221;off&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/cdm17169.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/collection\/FMC\/id\/5715&#8243; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_transition=&#8221;on&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h6>Joan Baez performing at the funeral of Juan de la Cruz, Di Giorgio Park, Arvin, CA, 1973<\/h6>\n<p>Singer Joan Baez (playing guitar) performs at the funeral of Juan de la Cruz at Di Giorgio Park. The American flag and Thunderbird flags are visible. A mass was held at Di Giorgio Park before the procession marched six miles to Arvin Cemetery. Arvin, August 21, 1973. Photo by John Kouns.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_fullwidth_slider][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#D8D2C4&#8243; min_height=&#8221;530px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-1px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221; global_module=&#8221;70&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/footer_logos.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;footer_logos&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/bradley-center&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/NEH-Preferred-Seal.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;NEH-Preferred-Seal-logo&#8221; title_text=&#8221;NEH-Preferred-Seal&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fn org\" style=\"color: #000000;\">Tom &amp; Ethel Bradley Center<br \/>California State University, Northridge<\/span><br \/><span class=\"street-address\" style=\"color: #000000;\">18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330<\/span><br \/><span class=\"tel\">Phone:\u00a0<a class=\"value\" href=\"tel:+18186771200\">(818) 677-1200<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\/\u00a0<span class=\"contact-us\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/contact\">Contact Us<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/emergency\/\">Emergency Information<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/afvp\/university-policies-procedures\/\">University Policies &amp; Procedures<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/eqd\/title-ix-gender-equity-and-sexual-misconduct\">Title<span>\u00a0<\/span><abbr title=\"nine\">IX<\/abbr><\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/900-12.pdf\">Terms and Conditions for Use<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/it\/privacy\">Privacy Policy<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/it\/document-viewers\">Document Reader<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Juan de la Cruz\u2019s FuneralJuan de la Cruz\u2019s FuneralA large crowd escorts Juan de la Cruz\u2019s casket to Arvin Cemetery after a mass held in Di Giorgio Park. A police officer stands on the road. Photo by John Kouns. &nbsp;On August 15, 1973, United Farm Workers (UFW) picket captain Nagi Daifullah was killed by a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" disabled_on=\"on|off|off\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" use_background_color_gradient=\"on\" background_color_gradient_direction=\"360deg\" background_color_gradient_stops=\"#000000 0%|rgba(10,10,10,0) 65%\" background_color_gradient_overlays_image=\"on\" background_image=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/17.41.JK_.N35.B9.04.01.18.png\" background_position=\"top_center\" background_vertical_offset=\"31%\" width=\"100%\" min_height=\"39vh\" custom_margin=\"-2px|||||\" custom_padding=\"98px|0px|98px|0px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"150px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.17.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"Montserrat|700|||||||\" header_font=\"Montserrat|700|||||||\" header_text_align=\"center\" header_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_font_size=\"76px\" custom_margin=\"||-16px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"26px||0px||false|false\" header_font_tablet=\"Montserrat|700|||||||\" header_font_phone=\"Montserrat|700|||||||\" header_font_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_margin__hover_enabled=\"on|desktop\" custom_margin__hover=\"||-16px||false|false\"]<\/p><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Union Contract in Florida<\/h1><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" disabled_on=\"off|on|on\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" use_background_color_gradient=\"on\" background_color_gradient_direction=\"360deg\" background_color_gradient_stops=\"#000000 0%|rgba(10,10,10,0) 65%\" background_color_gradient_overlays_image=\"on\" background_image=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/17.41.JK_.N35.B9.04.01.18.png\" background_position=\"top_center\" background_vertical_offset=\"35%\" width=\"100%\" min_height=\"39vh\" custom_margin=\"-2px|||||\" custom_padding=\"98px|0px|98px|0px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"85px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.17.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"Montserrat|700|||||||\" header_font=\"|700|||||||\" header_text_align=\"center\" header_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_font_size=\"40px\" text_orientation=\"center\" custom_margin=\"||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"75px||||false|false\" header_font_tablet=\"Roboto Slab|700|||||||\" header_font_phone=\"Montserrat|700|||||||\" header_font_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Union Contract in Florida<\/h1><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_3,2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"12px||0px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font_size=\"20px\" text_line_height=\"1.6em\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the late 1960s, effective boycotts led by the United Farm Worker (UFW) inspired Florida workers to unionize. In 1971, UFW volunteers enlisted 75% of Minute Maid's Florida workers, a company owned by Coca-Cola. Following an election, the UFW became the union for Coca-Cola Minute Maid workers, leading to a groundbreaking three-year agreement in 1972. Despite modest resources, Manuel Ch\u00e1vez and Jerry Cohen negotiated a historic contract between Black, Mexican American, and white farm workers and the state's largest citrus producer, marking Florida's first citrus worker contract. The agreement held historical relevance not only for the UFW but also for the U.S. South. Earlier efforts by citrus workers affiliated under the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in the 1930s and 1940s had only led to minor pay improvements and, in some cases, to Ku Klux Klan backlash. By 1972, when the UFW contract was established, Florida\u2019s agricultural system still echoed the legacy of plantation-era slavery. Farmers owned the land and contracted crew leaders who managed groups of workers, often subjecting them to debt and limited options. \u201cFlorida\u2019s modern agriculture\u2014wrote UFW member Roberta \u201cRobbie\u201d Jaffe in an essay for the Farmworker Movement Documentation Project of the University of California, San Diego\u2014was still rooted in the culture of plantation days\u2019 slavery.\u201d The UFW contract dismantled the crew leader system. Aside from improving wages and benefits, it introduced hiring halls which were crucial in restoring workers\u2019 control over hiring practices. The UFW office in Florida was a former funeral parlor in Avon Park and it became a hiring hall and a service center where Mack and Diana Lyons administered the contract. In 1973, recognizing the significance of hiring halls for farm worker empowerment, growers lobbied for a \"right to work\" bill to revive the crew leader system. UFW organizers went to Tallahassee to oppose the bill. During a hearing, farm workers like Theodore Johnson testified before the Sub-committee, recounting their captivity under their crew leaders. Ultimately, the bill was defeated. In 1975, renewing the Coca-Cola contract met obstacles, strikes were impractical due to replacement workers and limited funds, and boycott threats had lost credibility, leading the UFW to organize smaller protests, fasts, and sit-ins. Coca-Cola eventually renewed the contract in November, and in 1976 Mack and Diana returned to Sacramento to support California's labor legislation.<\/span><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][et_pb_fullwidth_slider _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"#D22030\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][et_pb_slide image=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/17.41.JK_.N35.B9.04.01.03.png\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_transition=\"on\" title_text=\"17.41.JK.N35.B9.04.01.03\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide image=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/17.41.JK_.N35.B9.04.02.04.png\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_transition=\"on\" title_text=\"17.41.JK.N35.B9.04.02.04\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide image=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/17.41.JK_.N35.B9.04.02.14.png\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_transition=\"on\" title_text=\"17.41.JK.N35.B9.04.02.14\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_fullwidth_slider][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"#D8D2C4\" min_height=\"530px\" global_module=\"70\" saved_tabs=\"all\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_image src=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/footer_logos.png\" title_text=\"footer_logos\" url=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/bradley-center\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/NEH-Preferred-Seal.png\" alt=\"NEH-Preferred-Seal-logo\" title_text=\"NEH-Preferred-Seal\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><span class=\"fn org\" style=\"color: #000000;\">Tom &amp; Ethel Bradley Center<br \/>California State University, Northridge<\/span><br \/><span class=\"street-address\" style=\"color: #000000;\">18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330<\/span><br \/><span class=\"tel\">Phone:\u00a0<a class=\"value\" href=\"tel:+18186771200\">(818) 677-1200<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\/\u00a0<span class=\"contact-us\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/contact\">Contact Us<\/a><\/span><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/emergency\/\">Emergency Information<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/afvp\/university-policies-procedures\/\">University Policies &amp; Procedures<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/eqd\/title-ix-gender-equity-and-sexual-misconduct\">Title\u00a0<abbr title=\"nine\">IX<\/abbr><\/a><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/900-12.pdf\">Terms and Conditions for Use<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/it\/privacy\">Privacy Policy<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/it\/document-viewers\">Document Reader<\/a><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4601","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4601"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4601\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6370,"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4601\/revisions\/6370"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}