{"id":5331,"date":"2024-04-13T01:31:52","date_gmt":"2024-04-13T01:31:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/?page_id=5331"},"modified":"2024-04-19T01:57:21","modified_gmt":"2024-04-19T01:57:21","slug":"digiorgio-elections-in-arvin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/es\/digiorgio-elections-in-arvin\/","title":{"rendered":"Timeline: [37] DiGiorgio elections in Arvin (November 4, 1966)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; disabled_on=&#8221;on|off|off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_direction=&#8221;360deg&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops=&#8221;#000000 0%|rgba(10,10,10,0) 65%&#8221; background_color_gradient_overlays_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_image=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/96.01.EC_.N35.B1.02.18.05.jpg&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_center&#8221; background_vertical_offset=&#8221;31%&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; min_height=&#8221;39vh&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-2px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;98px|0px|98px|0px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;150px||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;76px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||-16px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;26px||0px||false|false&#8221; header_font_tablet=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_phone=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_margin__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; custom_margin__hover=&#8221;||-16px||false|false&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">DiGiorgio elections in Arvin<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; disabled_on=&#8221;off|on|on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_direction=&#8221;360deg&#8221; background_color_gradient_stops=&#8221;#000000 0%|rgba(10,10,10,0) 65%&#8221; background_color_gradient_overlays_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_image=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/96.01.EC_.N35.B1.02.18.05.jpg&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_center&#8221; background_vertical_offset=&#8221;35%&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; min_height=&#8221;39vh&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-2px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;98px|0px|98px|0px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;85px|||||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;40px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;75px||||false|false&#8221; header_font_tablet=&#8221;Roboto Slab|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_phone=&#8221;Montserrat|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">DiGiorgio elections in Arvin<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;12px||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/cdm17169.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/collection\/FMC\/id\/315\/&#8221; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>Three farmworkers exit a bus. That day, farmworkers working at the DiGiorgio ranch located between Arvin and Lamont cast ballots to decide if they would be represented by UFWOC. Arvin, California, November 4, 1966. Photo by Emmon Clarke.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Farmworkers working for the same company in Delano and in Borrego Springs had already voted earlier in August, but for months DiGiorgio did not allow farmworkers working at the 9,000-acre farm in Arvin to have elections. Only after a sit-in and a picket in front of DiGiorgio\u2019s office in San Francisco, pressure from Governor Pat Brown, and the looming threat of a boycott, DiGiorgio agreed to hold elections at their biggest California property. Elections were set for November 4th and were held at DiGiorgio\u2019s ranch. They lasted all day and were held on the same terms as the Delano elections at DiGiorgio, but supervised by the State of California.\u00a0<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; min_height=&#8221;802px&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/96.01.EC_.N35.B1.02.18.02.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;Farmworkers lining up to vote, Arvin, ca. 1966&#8243; title_text=&#8221;96.01.EC.N35.B1.02.18.02&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; min_height=&#8221;868px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/cdm17169.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/collection\/FMC\/id\/271\/&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_fullwidth_image][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;12px||0px|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Any Arvin DiGiorgio employee who was employed between October 18-26 could vote. Fifty-nine percent of voters choose to join the UFWOC. Among the organizers responsible for the success of these elections in Arvin there were Ida Cousino, Tony Mendez, Marshall Ganz, George Zaragoza, and Richard Flowers. These elections represented an important victory for the farmworkers as DiGiorgio was one of the largest landowners in California, and an aggressive opponent of farmworkers&#8217; attempts to unionize. The company had been a leader amongst anti-labors in California for decades, had sponsored anti-picketing ordinances throughout rural California, organized blacklists of union activists, fought federal relief for strikers, and directed vigilantes to attack strikers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/cdm17169.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/collection\/FMC\/id\/271\/&#8221; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>Four farmworkers waiting outside a building to cast their vote. Arvin, California, November 4, 1966. Photo by Emmon Clarke.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_fullwidth_slider _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_slide image=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/96.01.EC_.N35.B1.02.19.16.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#D22030&#8243; background_enable_color=&#8221;on&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/cdm17169.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/collection\/FMC\/id\/196\/&#8221; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_transition=&#8221;on&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h6>C\u00e9sar Ch\u00e1vez, Helen Ch\u00e1vez, Ruth Trujullo, and Dolores Huerta observing the vote count, Arvin, ca. 1966<\/h6>\n<p>In the background, Ruth Trujillo, screams of joy while observing the results of the vote count through a window. In the foreground, several men are seen with their backs turned closely watching the votes being counted. Farmworkers working at the DiGiorgio ranch located between Arvin and Lamont voted to decide if they would be represented by the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC). Arvin, California, November 4, 1966. Photo by Emmon Clarke.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide image=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/96.01.EC_.N35.B1.02.19.31.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#D22030&#8243; background_enable_color=&#8221;on&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;https:\/\/cdm17169.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/collection\/FMC\/id\/233\/&#8221; link_option_url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_transition=&#8221;on&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h6>C\u00e9sar Ch\u00e1vez, Dolores Huerta, and Marshall Ganz celebrating election results, Arvin, ca. 1966<\/h6>\n<p>C\u00e9sar Ch\u00e1vez, Dolores Huerta, Jessica Govea, and Marshall Ganz are among a group of union staff and supporters celebrating the election results. Farmworkers working at the DiGiorgio ranch located between Arvin and Lamont voted to decide if they would be represented by the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC). Arvin, California, November 4, 1966. Photo by Emmon Clarke.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_fullwidth_slider][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#D8D2C4&#8243; min_height=&#8221;530px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-1px|||||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221; global_module=&#8221;70&#8243; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/footer_logos.png&#8221; title_text=&#8221;footer_logos&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/bradley-center&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/NEH-Preferred-Seal.png&#8221; alt=&#8221;NEH-Preferred-Seal-logo&#8221; title_text=&#8221;NEH-Preferred-Seal&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"fn org\" style=\"color: #000000;\">Tom &amp; Ethel Bradley Center<br \/>California State University, Northridge<\/span><br \/><span class=\"street-address\" style=\"color: #000000;\">18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330<\/span><br \/><span class=\"tel\">Phone:\u00a0<a class=\"value\" href=\"tel:+18186771200\">(818) 677-1200<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\/\u00a0<span class=\"contact-us\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/contact\">Contact Us<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/emergency\/\">Emergency Information<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/afvp\/university-policies-procedures\/\">University Policies &amp; Procedures<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/eqd\/title-ix-gender-equity-and-sexual-misconduct\">Title<span>\u00a0<\/span><abbr title=\"nine\">IX<\/abbr><\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/900-12.pdf\">Terms and Conditions for Use<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/it\/privacy\">Privacy Policy<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/it\/document-viewers\">Document Reader<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DiGiorgio elections in ArvinDiGiorgio elections in ArvinThree farmworkers exit a bus. That day, farmworkers working at the DiGiorgio ranch located between Arvin and Lamont cast ballots to decide if they would be represented by UFWOC. Arvin, California, November 4, 1966. Photo by Emmon Clarke.Farmworkers working for the same company in Delano and in Borrego Springs [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" disabled_on=\"on|off|off\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" use_background_color_gradient=\"on\" background_color_gradient_direction=\"360deg\" background_color_gradient_stops=\"#000000 0%|rgba(10,10,10,0) 65%\" background_color_gradient_overlays_image=\"on\" background_image=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/96.01.EC_.N35.B1.12.117.28A-scaled.jpg\" background_position=\"top_center\" background_vertical_offset=\"31%\" width=\"100%\" min_height=\"39vh\" custom_margin=\"-2px|||||\" custom_padding=\"98px|0px|98px|0px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"150px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.17.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"Montserrat|700|||||||\" header_font=\"Montserrat|700|||||||\" header_text_align=\"center\" header_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_font_size=\"76px\" custom_margin=\"||-16px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"26px||0px||false|false\" header_font_tablet=\"Montserrat|700|||||||\" header_font_phone=\"Montserrat|700|||||||\" header_font_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_margin__hover_enabled=\"on|desktop\" custom_margin__hover=\"||-16px||false|false\"]<\/p><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">International Incident in Roma, Texas <br \/>(October 24, 1966)<\/h1><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" disabled_on=\"off|on|on\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" use_background_color_gradient=\"on\" background_color_gradient_direction=\"360deg\" background_color_gradient_stops=\"#000000 0%|rgba(10,10,10,0) 65%\" background_color_gradient_overlays_image=\"on\" background_image=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/96.01.EC_.N35.B1.12.117.28A-scaled.jpg\" background_position=\"top_center\" background_vertical_offset=\"35%\" width=\"100%\" min_height=\"39vh\" custom_margin=\"-2px|||||\" custom_padding=\"98px|0px|98px|0px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"85px|||||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.17.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"Montserrat|700|||||||\" header_font=\"|700|||||||\" header_text_align=\"center\" header_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_font_size=\"40px\" text_orientation=\"center\" custom_margin=\"||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"75px||||false|false\" header_font_tablet=\"Roboto Slab|700|||||||\" header_font_phone=\"Montserrat|700|||||||\" header_font_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">International Incident in Roma, Texas<br \/>(October 24, 1966)<\/h1><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_3,2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"12px||0px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>A group of Mexican workers are standing in the back of a truck. The truck transports farmworkers from Mexico to a farm in Texas.<\/em><\/span><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font_size=\"20px\" text_line_height=\"1.6em\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eleven National Farm Workers Association strikers were arrested for blockading the International Bridge between Roma, Texas, and Ciudad Miguel Alem\u00e1n, Mexico to prevent growers from bringing in Mexican workers. The strikers were protesting the harsh working conditions of farmworkers and demanding higher wages. The blockade lasted six hours, successfully halting the traffic of the growers bringing in the strikebreakers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" min_height=\"802px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_image src=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/96.01.EC_.N35.B1.12.120.32A-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"UFWOC organizer Bill Chandler, R\u00edo Grande City, Texas, 1967\" title_text=\"96.01.EC.N35.B1.12.120.32A\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" min_height=\"868px\" custom_padding=\"||0px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_fullwidth_image][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"12px||0px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font_size=\"20px\" text_line_height=\"1.6em\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The event made national headlines, bringing attention to the farmworker struggles in Texas. The arrested strikers and organizers included Dar\u00eda Vera, Irene Ramos Chandler, Eugene Nelson, Bill Chandler, Tony Orend\u00e1in, Marshal M\u00e9ndez, and Gilberto Campos from the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC). The men were first detained, and Irene Ramos and Dar\u00eda Vera were arrested later after lying on the ground wrapped in a banner with the union symbol and the words \"Ay\u00fadanos Virgen de Guadalupe\" (Help us Virgin of Guadalupe). Ramos and Vera were dragged off the bridge and sent to jail for disturbing the peace. Texas melon pickers started their strike on June 1 demanding higher wages. Wages were often as low as 40-60 cents an hour. After a 400-mile march from Rio Grande City to Austin from July 4 to Labor Day, September 5. La Casita Farms, the largest melon grower, raised wages from 85 cents to $1.00 but refused to meet the workers\u2019 demands for $1.25 and a contract recognizing their union.<\/span><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><em>Bill Chandler, a United Farmworkers Organizing Committee (UFWOC) organizer stands in front of brick building in R\u00edo Grande City.<\/em><\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_fullwidth_slider _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][et_pb_slide image=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/96.01.EC_.N35.B1.12.117.05A-scaled.jpg\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"#D22030\" background_enable_color=\"on\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_transition=\"on\"]<\/p><h6>Pancho Medrano, Rafael Trevino at UFWOC headquarters, R\u00edo Grande City, 1967<\/h6><p>Pancho Medrano (with white hat) and Rafael Trevino (with white hair) stand in front of the UFWOC headquarters R\u00edo Grande City with other people. The building where UFWOC organizers, volunteers and farmworkers got together to organize strikes in Starr County was a theatre, and is currently, as of 2022, a car wash called Power Strike.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide image=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/96.01.EC_.N35.B1.12.122.16A-scaled.jpg\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"#D22030\" background_enable_color=\"on\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_transition=\"on\" alt=\"Tony Orend\u00e1in talking to a woman, R\u00edo Grande City, Texas, 1967\" title_text=\"96.01.EC.N35.B1.12.122.16A\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<\/p><h6>Tony Orend\u00e1in talking to a woman, R\u00edo Grande City, Texas, 1967<\/h6><p>Tony Orend\u00e1in talks with a woman who is taking notes.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_slide][et_pb_slide image=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/96.01.EC_.N35.B1.10.99.27A-scaled.jpg\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"#D22030\" background_enable_color=\"on\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_transition=\"on\" sticky_enabled=\"0\" alt=\"Three-year old Carmen Ramos Chandler picketing against her mother's arrest, Texas, ca. 1966\" title_text=\"96.01.EC.N35.B1.10.99.27A\"]<\/p><h6>Three-year old Carmen Ramos Chandler picketing against her mother's arrest, Texas, ca. 1966<\/h6><p>Three-year-old Carmen Ramos Chandler cries while holding a sign that reads, \"I want my mommy.\" Her image appeared on the front page of El Malcriado on December 16, 1966.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_slide][\/et_pb_fullwidth_slider][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"#D8D2C4\" min_height=\"530px\" custom_padding=\"0px|||||\" global_module=\"70\" saved_tabs=\"all\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_image src=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/footer_logos.png\" title_text=\"footer_logos\" url=\"https:\/\/www.csun.edu\/bradley-center\" url_new_window=\"on\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\"http:\/\/farmworkermovement-csun.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/NEH-Preferred-Seal.png\" alt=\"NEH-Preferred-Seal-logo\" title_text=\"NEH-Preferred-Seal\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_4\" _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.21.0\" _module_preset=\"default\" 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